ABSTRACT
Trauma involving the eye, orbital and periorbital regions are commonly seen in cases of road traffic accidents, sports injuries and physical assaults, but cases of intraorbital / periorbital foreign bodies are rare. Early presentation, history of trauma, and imaging help in diagnosis. However, sometimes the diagnosis is missed, particularly in cases with late presentation and a vague history of minor trauma and trauma with a non-metallic foreign body. A missed foreign body may present later with infection, repeated inflammation, ptosis, and proptosis and motility defect, further complicating the management.Here, we present a case of missed foreign body during the primary repair of facial injury in a 32-year male with polytrauma sustained in a road traffic accident. Evidence of foreign body was reported in a CT scan head advised for head injury. Re-exploration of wound and removal of foreign body is performed under local anaesthesia.
ABSTRACT
Garlic or Lashun is the member Liliaceae family, is use as spice in food cooking as well as medicine to treat various ailments. Garlic is also acting as a flavoring agent for the cooking, and however it has also been used as a drug from very ancient and modern times in all over the world, it is used to inhibit and cure the vast range of ailments and disorders. Allicin found in the garlic is the chemically active substance of fresh garlic extract, possess the capacity of readily permeable through phospholipid membranes which contributes to its possible pharmacological activity and also contain sulfur compounds, which are believed to bring some of the health benefits. Currently, garlic is broadly used for different diseases related with the systemic circulation and heart, which includes atherosclerosis, HDL, LDL & heart attack, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. Garlic is also reported to treat the lung cancer, and various other cancers such as colon cancer& skin diseases too, it also has hypolipidemic, immunomodulator, aphrodisiac, & Antifungal actions. This article reviews the importance of garlic (Allium sativum), and, their active constituents to show whether or not can be further used as potential natural sources for the development of any novel drug formulations.
ABSTRACT
Background: Recent research have found a link between inflammatory pathway and suicidal behaviour. hs-CRP, IL, TNF have been shown to have significant alterations in suicidality, however multiple covariates influence this relationship. One of the main limitations of most of the studies is that they have evaluated the CRP in patients demonstrating suicidal behaviour but not in depression. No study has been conducted in Indian subpopulation with parameters of our study. Aims of the study was to compare hsCRP levels between depression patients with suicidal behaviour and without suicidal behaviour.Methods: Authors compared 50 depression patients with suicidal behaviour and 50 depression patients without suicidal behaviour, diagnosed using ICD10. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS‑17), Suicide behaviour Questionnaire- Revised (SBQ-R), Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI) were applied for assessment of depression and suicidality. Highly sensitive CRP was measured using autoanalyzer.Results: hsCRP levels were significantly high in depression patients with suicidal behaviour (4.12 mg/dl) than depression without suicidal behaviour (2.42 mg/dl). Duration of illness, HAM-D, BSSI and SBQ-R scores correlated positively with hsCRP levels.Conclusions: Depression with suicidal behaviour patients have a significantly higher hs-CRP levels than depression without suicidal behaviour. Patients of depression with suicidal behaviour group have a strong positive correlation between hs-CRP levels and HAM-D, BSSI and SBQ-R scores.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015and this number will roughly triple within the next 40 years. In 2011 Alzheimer's Disease International argue that dementia has become one of the most urgent health and social care challenges of the 21st century and its potential effect on economies around the world is attracting global attention. Predicting dementia in the early stages would be essential for better treatment before significant brain damage occurs. Current difficulty is the lack of specific biomarkers. In some previous studies electroencephalography (EEG) have shown the capability to identify dementia early and even classify the degree of its severity at a lower cost for mass screening. The aim and objective of this study was to EEG changes in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD) or dementia where no cause is identifiable, to measure severity of dementia by using DSR scale in different subjects and to correlate DSRS with EEG findings.Methods: Study sample was the 40 patients in each three groups- Dementia patients without any known cause of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), Vascular dementia (VaD) patients and Controls (age and sex matched subjects scoring more than the cut of score on dementia Scale). Written informed consent will be taken after explaining the objectives and procedure of study in detail. EEG were recorded in eyes closed, on intermittent photic stimulation and hyperventilation, only eyes closed data was used in study and these data were entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS Software, appropriate statistical test was applied wherever necessary.Results: Participants with VaD have theta waves while ADRD group have delta waves preponderance as compare to control.Conclusions: EEG can have additive value in diagnosing VaD as well as it alone can be helpful in differentiating healthy individuals from dementia patients.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study and compare the efficacy of supratarsal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, triamcinolone acetonide and hydrocortisone sodium succinate in treating refractory vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS: Prospective randomized, double-masked, case control trial, including 90 eyes of 45 patients with refractory VKC. Both eyes of each patient were randomly assigned to receive supratarsal injection of one of three compounds under study: dexamethasone sodium phosphate (2 mg), triamcinolone acetonide (10.5 mg), and hydrocortisone sodium succinate (50 mg). RESULTS: All the three drugs were equally effective with no statistically significant difference in the time of resolution of cobblestone papillae, lid oedema, conjunctival discharge and chemosis, Tranta's dots and shield ulcers. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity and rate of recurrence of disease following supratarsal injection of all the three drugs. But recurrence of disease to same severity was seen within 6 months of injection in all cases irrespective of compounds used. CONCLUSION: Supratarsal injection of corticosteroids is very effective for temporary suppression of severe inflammation associated with VKC.